RFC 9518: Centralization, Decentralization, and Internet Standards has been published after more than two years of review, discussion, and revision. It covers what centralization is, how it can be both beneficial and harmful, the decentralization strategies we typically use to control it, and finally, what Internet standards bodies can do about it.

Introduction Welcome back to our journey into the realm of Internet routing security! In our previous article, "Securing Internet Routing with Cryptography: Quick Introduction to RPKI," we delved into the foundational concepts of Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI), its role in securing the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), and real-world examples showcasing the need for robust routing security measures.

Africa’s rapid growth in Internet communications is creating a wide range of opportunities but also a wide range of vulnerabilities. This rapid shift to online activities has created a goldmine for cyber criminals. Since legal systems and people trained to fight cyber crimes are scarce, many economies are at risk.